[Overview of the application of knowledge graphs in the medical field].

With the booming development of medical information technology and computer science, the medical services industry is gradually transiting from information technology to intelligence. The medical knowledge graph plays an important role in intelligent medical applications such as knowledge questions and answers and intelligent diagnosis, and is a key technology for promoting wise medical care and the basis for intelligent management of medical information. In order to fully exploit the great potential of knowledge graphs in the medical field, this paper focuses on five aspects: inter-drug relationship discovery, assisted diagnosis, personalized recommendation, decision support and intelligent prediction. The latest research progress on medical knowledge graphs is introduced, and relevant suggestions are made in light of the current challenges and problems faced by medical knowledge graphs to provide reference for promoting the wide application of medical knowledge graphs.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Surface Sediment Quality in the Xiamen Sea Area, China.

The study analyzes the survey data on the surface sediments in 355 stations in Xiamen Sea area during 2004-2006, 2007-2009, 2010-2013, and 2014-2016. The result finds that contents of TOC, sulfide, and oils in the surface sediments were generally low but showed significant spatial differences (p < 0.05) in most cases, with TOC in the West Sea area (WS) staying significantly higher than other sea areas. Xiamen Sea area suffered universal heavy metal pollution mainly from Cu and Zn for years in the WS, the Jiulong River Estuary (JE), and the East Sea area (ES), and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) exhibited significant spatial differences across the four periods (p < 0.05). With the source of heavy metals in the WS being mainly related to human activities, Cu and Zn were related to the development of port shipping and Pb to aquaculture. The heavy metal pollution in JE was mainly related to the input of rivers emptying into the sea. The high Cu content in the ES was related to the direct discharge of massive domestic sewage into the sea at the time. From 2004 to 2016, the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in Xiamen Sea area stayed low.

Response of different benthic biotic indices to eutrophication and sediment heavy metal pollution, in fujian coastal water, East China sea.

The types and intensity of anthropogenic pressure in the same sea area may differ spatially and may change as time passes, but response of benthic biotic indices to different pressure is different, which makes it unreasonable to use the same benthic biotic indices in a large sea area. We provided a new way of thinking as to selecting benthic biotic indices according to pressure type. The study took six bays under eutrophication and sediment heavy metal pollution to different levels in Fujian coastal water, East China sea, as examples, analysed the response of five benthic biotic indices, namely AZTI marine biotic index (AMBI), multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), benthic opportunistic polychaetes amphipods (BOPA) and benthic polychaetes amphipods (BPA), to eutrophication factors and sediment heavy metal pollution factors firstly. The result indicated that AMBI well responded to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP); M-AMBI responded soundly in the range of DIN >0.131 mg L-1 and DIP >0.022 mg L-1 and responded universally to heavy metals; H' responded to only Hg and Cd; BOPA has response to eutrophication condition of DIN >0.242 mg L-1; BPA had response to DIN, Cu and As. Then, suitable indices were selected based on the four pressure scenarios in the study area. AMBI was selected in no pressure scenario; M-AMBI was chosen under only eutrophication pressure and under dual pressure; H' was preferred in only heavy metal pressure scenario (mainly Hg pollution). At last, the density plot of the distribution of the selected indices in the evaluation grades under different pressure scenarios proved the proposal of selecting benthic biotic indices according to pressure types feasible. This study can offer some new insights into rapidly choosing indices to evaluate the coastal benthic ecological quality status.

Enhancement of Chemokine mRNA Expression by Toll-Like Receptor 2 Stimulation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which is often associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. S. aureus ingredients are potential ligands to activate the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and drive inflammatory cytokine or chemokine production. However, the role of TLR2-mediated chemokine expression in AD development has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we sought to determine the mode of TLR2-mediated chemokine expression in AD patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from AD patients and healthy controls. Upon incubation with TLR2 ligands Pam3CSK4 and PGN, mRNA expression of chemokines, including CCL1, CCL5, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, and CCL27, were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results showed that basal mRNA expression of CCL17 in PBMCs from AD patients was upregulated compared with healthy controls, while those of CCL8 and CCL13 were downregulated. When stimulated with TLR2 ligands, the mRNA expression of CCL5, CCL8, CCL13, CCL18, and CCL22 in PBMCs from AD patients was significantly higher than those from healthy controls. The different basal chemokine mRNA expression profiles indicate the different immune status in patients with AD compared with healthy controls. Excessive chemokine mRNA expression induced by TLR2 activation is associated with the development of AD.

[Composition and distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates in subtidal zone of the main marine bays in Fujian Province, China]. / ç¦å»ºçœä¸»è¦æµ·æ¹¾æ½®ä¸‹å¸¦å¤§åž‹åº•æ –æ— è„Šæ¤ŽåŠ¨ç‰©ç»„æˆä¸Žåˆ†å¸ƒç‰¹å¾.

With data for distributions and diversities of macroinvertebrates from 12 main subtidal zones in the bays of Fujian on August 2010, we investigated species composition, biodiversity and community structure, as well as their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that 382 macroinvertebrates were recorded, which included 170 annelids, 75 crustaceans, 78 mollusks, 19 echinodermata, and 40 other species. The species richness, individual abundance, biomass and biodiversity indices showed significantly spatial variability. The average of species richness was (55±21), with the highest (92) in Luoyuan Bay and the lowest species (25) in Jiuzhen Bay. Polychaetes was dominant species in each bay, with an average percentage of (51.8±5.5)%. Zhaoan Bay had the highest average individual abundance with (1330±1094) ind·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay, Xiamen Bay and Meizhou Bay, while Quanzhou bay had the lowest. Xinghua Bay had the highest average biomass with (821.2±2387.7) g·m-2, followed by Fuqing Bay and Xiamen Bay. Both richness index and Shannon diversity were much higher in Luoyuan Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shenhu Bay, Xiamen Bay and Dongshan Bay, and their values were low in Fuqing Bay and Jiuzhen Bay. The mean value for d and H across all bays was (0.80±0.09) and (2.73±0.64), respectively. The macroinvertebrates of the study area were divided into 14 groups using a criterion of 20% similarity. The stations in Luoyuan Bay had the highest similarity and the lowest spatial variability, and followed by Sansha Bay, Fuqing Bay, Shenhu Bay and Zhaoan Bay. The higher variability of community composition was found among the stations for the rest bays. On the basis of Spearman correlations among species richness, biodiversity indices and environmental factors, as well as PCA analy-sis, Cu in the sediment, water depth, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus in bottom water were the main factors driving the spatial variability of composition and distribution of macroinvertebrates in the study area.

[Spatial Variation of Ammonia-N, Nitrate-N and Nitrite-N in Groundwater of Dongshan Island].

In Dongshan Island, groundwater is the main resource of the local residents' drinking water, domestic water, agriculture irrigation and freshwater aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution characteristic and its variation pattern of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater, as well as its pollution source and influence factors. It is very important to understand the pollution level of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater of Dongshan Island, the control and prevention of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N pollution, which is of great significance to the residents' health. In this study, the spatial variability characteristics of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N concentration in groundwater of Dongshan Island was analysed by geo- statistic method, the values of the non-observation points were determined by Kriging method, and the pollution characteristics of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater of Dongshan Island was also analyzed. Our results showed that the ammonia-N and nitrite-N concentration in groundwater of Dongshan Island were at low levels, but their spatial variability were high, and their autocorrelation were poor; however, the nitrate-N concentration was general high, its spatial variability was moderate, and the autocorrelation was much good. The distribution characteristics of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater of Dongshan Island were similar that the high concentration areas were all located in the coastal land. The domestic pollutants and human and animal wastes from towns and villages were the main sources of nitrogen pollution, which would be the first step to control the nitrogen pollution of Dongshan Island. Land use pattern, soil type, groundwater depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, season, and the existence of Fe2+, were the impact factors that influence the distribution and transformation of ammonia-N, nitrate-N and nitrite-N in groundwater, which could be the considerable factors in the control of nitrogen pollution in groundwater of Dongshan Island.